1) The concept of proportional representation, used in some electoral systems, aims to ensure that political parties' representation in government aligns more closely with the proportion of votes they receive from the electorate.

2) The world's oldest tree is believed to be a bristlecone pine named "Methuselah" in California, estimated to be over 4,800 years old.

3) The United Nations Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, with five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) holding veto power over resolutions.

4) Lightning strikes the Earth about 8 million times a day.