1) The concept of proportional representation, used in some electoral systems, aims to ensure that political parties' representation in government aligns more closely with the proportion of votes they receive from the electorate.

2) Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. It is also the highest, with an average elevation of about 7,545 feet (2,300 meters).

3) The game of basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 and has since grown into a global sport played at both amateur and professional levels.

4) The world's first credit card was introduced in 1950 by Diners Club.